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Abdulrazak Gurnah Albert Camus Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn Alice Munro André Gide Boris Pasternak Czesław Miłosz Derek Walcott Doris Lessing Elfriede Jelinek Ernest Hemingway Eugene O'Neill Eugenio Montale F. E. Sillanpää Gabriel García Márquez Gao Xingjian George Bernard Shaw Gerhart Hauptmann Giorgos Seferis Grazia Deledda Guillermo Cabrera Infante Günter Grass Halldór Laxness Harold Pinter Harry Martinson Heinrich Böll Hermann Hesse Imre Kertész Isaac Bashevis Singer Ivo Andrić J. M. Coetzee Jacinto Benavente Jean-Paul Sartre John Galsworthy John Steinbeck José Echegaray José Saramago Juan Ramón Jiménez Karl Gjellerup Kazuo Ishiguro Ken Saro-Wiwa Kenzaburō Ōe Knut Hamsun Mario Vargas Llosa Miguel Ángel Asturias Mo Yan Naguib Mahfouz Nelly Sachs Octavio Paz Orhan Pamuk Pär Lagerkvist Patrick Modiano Paul Heyse Pearl S. Buck Rabindranath Tagore Romain Rolland Samuel Beckett Seamus Heaney Selma Lagerlöf Sinclair Lewis T. S. Eliot Thomas Mann Toni Morrison V. S. Naipaul W. B. Yeats William Faulkner Winston Churchill Wole Soyinka Yasunari Kawabata
The Nobel Prize in Literature, instituted in the last will and testament of Alfred Nobel, is awarded annually by the Swedish Academy to an author who, in the words of the will, has produced “in the field of literature the most outstanding work in an ideal direction.” This highly prestigious international award has been recognizing literary excellence since 1901.
The Selection Process of Nobel Prize Winners in Literature
The process of selecting the Nobel laureates in Literature is a long and secretive one. It begins with the submission of candidates by eligible nominators, who include members of the Swedish Academy, members of literature academies and societies, professors of literature and language, past laureates, and presidents of writers’ organizations.
Initial Screening and Shortlisting
The Swedish Academy’s Nobel Committee, composed of five members, reviews the nominations. The nominations are screened, and a list is prepared comprising about twenty candidates. This list is further shortened to approximately five priority candidates.
Thorough Evaluation and Final Decision
Over the summer, the Nobel Committee assesses the works of these five candidates. Reports are written, detailing their contributions to literature. In October, the Swedish Academy votes to select the year’s laureate or laureates. The decision is final and cannot be appealed.
Notable Nobel Laureates in Literature
Since its inception, the Nobel Prize in Literature has been awarded to many notable authors, poets, and playwrights. Their works have made significant contributions to their respective literatures and to the global literary canon.
Bob Dylan (2016)
In a surprising decision, the 2016 Nobel Prize in Literature was awarded to Bob Dylan, an American singer-songwriter, “for creating new poetic expressions within the great American song tradition.” This was the first time the prize was awarded to a musician.
Alice Munro (2013)
Canadian author Alice Munro, known for her masterful short stories, won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 2013. She was cited by the Swedish Academy as a “master of the contemporary short story.”
Ernest Hemingway (1954)
Renowned American author Ernest Hemingway was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1954 “for his mastery of the art of narrative, most recently demonstrated in ‘The Old Man and the Sea,’ and for the influence that he has exerted on contemporary style.”
The Nobel Prize in Literature continues to recognize and reward authors who push the boundaries of literature and contribute significantly to the literary world. It serves as a testament to the power of the written word and the impact that literature can have on society and culture.